Package it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.booleans

Class BooleanArrays

  • public final class BooleanArrays
extends Object
    A class providing static methods and objects that do useful things with type-specific arrays.

    In particular, the forceCapacity(), ensureCapacity(), grow(), trim() and setLength() methods allow to handle arrays much like array lists. This can be very useful when efficiency (or syntactic simplicity) reasons make array lists unsuitable.

    Note that BinIO and TextIO contain several methods make it possible to load and save arrays of primitive types as sequences of elements in DataInput format (i.e., not as objects) or as sequences of lines of text.

    Sorting

    There are several sorting methods available. The main theme is that of letting you choose the sorting algorithm you prefer (i.e., trading stability of mergesort for no memory allocation in quicksort). Several algorithms provide a parallel version, that will use the number of cores available. Some algorithms also provide an explicit indirect sorting facility, which makes it possible to sort an array using the values in another array as comparator.

    All comparison-based algorithm have an implementation based on a type-specific comparator.

    As a general rule, sequential radix sort is significantly faster than quicksort or mergesort, in particular on random-looking data. In the parallel case, up to a few cores parallel radix sort is still the fastest, but at some point quicksort exploits parallelism better.

    If you are fine with not knowing exactly which algorithm will be run (in particular, not knowing exactly whether a support array will be allocated), the dual-pivot parallel sorts in Arrays are about 50% faster than the classical single-pivot implementation used here.

    In any case, if sorting time is important I suggest that you benchmark your sorting load with your data distribution and on your architecture.

    See Also:
    Arrays

    • Field Summary

      Fields 
      Modifier and Type Field Description
      static boolean[] DEFAULT_EMPTY_ARRAY
      A static, final, empty array to be used as default array in allocations.
      static boolean[] EMPTY_ARRAY
      A static, final, empty array.
      static Hash.Strategy<boolean[]> HASH_STRATEGY
      A type-specific content-based hash strategy for arrays.

    • Method Summary

      Modifier and Type Method Description
      static boolean[] copy​(boolean[] array)
      Returns a copy of an array.
      static boolean[] copy​(boolean[] array, int offset, int length)
      Returns a copy of a portion of an array.
      static boolean[] ensureCapacity​(boolean[] array, int length)
      Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries.
      static boolean[] ensureCapacity​(boolean[] array, int length, int preserve)
      Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries, preserving just a part of the array.
      static void ensureFromTo​(boolean[] a, int from, int to)
      Ensures that a range given by its first (inclusive) and last (exclusive) elements fits an array.
      static void ensureOffsetLength​(boolean[] a, int offset, int length)
      Ensures that a range given by an offset and a length fits an array.
      static void ensureSameLength​(boolean[] a, boolean[] b)
      Ensures that two arrays are of the same length.
      static boolean equals​(boolean[] a1, boolean[] a2)
      Deprecated.
      Please use the corresponding Arrays method, which is intrinsified in recent JVMs.
      static void fill​(boolean[] array, boolean value)
      Deprecated.
      Please use the corresponding Arrays method.
      static void fill​(boolean[] array, int from, int to, boolean value)
      Deprecated.
      Please use the corresponding Arrays method.
      static boolean[] forceCapacity​(boolean[] array, int length, int preserve)
      Forces an array to contain the given number of entries, preserving just a part of the array.
      static boolean[] grow​(boolean[] array, int length)
      Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and the current length increased by 50%, provided that the given length is larger than the current length.
      static boolean[] grow​(boolean[] array, int length, int preserve)
      Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and the current length increased by 50%, provided that the given length is larger than the current length, preserving just a part of the array.
      static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a)
      Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.
      static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a, int from, int to)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.
      static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a, int from, int to, boolean[] supp)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.
      static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a, int from, int to, BooleanComparator comp)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort.
      static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a, int from, int to, BooleanComparator comp, boolean[] supp)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.
      static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a, BooleanComparator comp)
      Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort.
      static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x)
      Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.
      static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x, boolean[] y)
      Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using a parallel quicksort.
      static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x, boolean[] y, int from, int to)
      Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using a parallel quicksort.
      static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x, int from, int to)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.
      static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x, int from, int to, BooleanComparator comp)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using a parallel quicksort.
      static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x, BooleanComparator comp)
      Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using a parallel quicksort.
      static void parallelQuickSortIndirect​(int[] perm, boolean[] x)
      Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.
      static void parallelQuickSortIndirect​(int[] perm, boolean[] x, int from, int to)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.
      static void quickSort​(boolean[] x)
      Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.
      static void quickSort​(boolean[] x, boolean[] y)
      Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using quicksort.
      static void quickSort​(boolean[] x, boolean[] y, int from, int to)
      Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using quicksort.
      static void quickSort​(boolean[] x, int from, int to)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.
      static void quickSort​(boolean[] x, int from, int to, BooleanComparator comp)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using quicksort.
      static void quickSort​(boolean[] x, BooleanComparator comp)
      Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using quicksort.
      static void quickSortIndirect​(int[] perm, boolean[] x)
      Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.
      static void quickSortIndirect​(int[] perm, boolean[] x, int from, int to)
      Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.
      static boolean[] reverse​(boolean[] a)
      Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array.
      static boolean[] reverse​(boolean[] a, int from, int to)
      Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array fragment.
      static boolean[] setLength​(boolean[] array, int length)
      Sets the length of the given array.
      static boolean[] shuffle​(boolean[] a, int from, int to, Random random)
      Shuffles the specified array fragment using the specified pseudorandom number generator.
      static boolean[] shuffle​(boolean[] a, Random random)
      Shuffles the specified array using the specified pseudorandom number generator.
      static void stabilize​(int[] perm, boolean[] x)
      Stabilizes a permutation.
      static void stabilize​(int[] perm, boolean[] x, int from, int to)
      Stabilizes a permutation.
      static void swap​(boolean[] x, int a, int b)
      Swaps two elements of an anrray.
      static void swap​(boolean[] x, int a, int b, int n)
      Swaps two sequences of elements of an array.
      static boolean[] trim​(boolean[] array, int length)
      Trims the given array to the given length.

    • Field Detail

      • EMPTY_ARRAY

        public static final boolean[] EMPTY_ARRAY
        A static, final, empty array.

      • DEFAULT_EMPTY_ARRAY

        public static final boolean[] DEFAULT_EMPTY_ARRAY
        A static, final, empty array to be used as default array in allocations. An object distinct from EMPTY_ARRAY makes it possible to have different behaviors depending on whether the user required an empty allocation, or we are just lazily delaying allocation.
        See Also:
        ArrayList

      • HASH_STRATEGY

        public static final Hash.Strategy<boolean[]> HASH_STRATEGY
        A type-specific content-based hash strategy for arrays.

        This hash strategy may be used in custom hash collections whenever keys are arrays, and they must be considered equal by content. This strategy will handle null correctly, and it is serializable.

    • Method Detail

      • forceCapacity

        public static boolean[] forceCapacity​(boolean[] array,
                                      int length,
                                      int preserve)
        Forces an array to contain the given number of entries, preserving just a part of the array.
        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        length - the new minimum length for this array.
        preserve - the number of elements of the array that must be preserved in case a new allocation is necessary.
        Returns:
        an array with length entries whose first preserve entries are the same as those of array.

      • ensureCapacity

        public static boolean[] ensureCapacity​(boolean[] array,
                                       int length)
        Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries.

        If you cannot foresee whether this array will need again to be enlarged, you should probably use grow() instead.

        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        length - the new minimum length for this array.
        Returns:
        array, if it contains length entries or more; otherwise, an array with length entries whose first array.length entries are the same as those of array.

      • ensureCapacity

        public static boolean[] ensureCapacity​(boolean[] array,
                                       int length,
                                       int preserve)
        Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries, preserving just a part of the array.
        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        length - the new minimum length for this array.
        preserve - the number of elements of the array that must be preserved in case a new allocation is necessary.
        Returns:
        array, if it can contain length entries or more; otherwise, an array with length entries whose first preserve entries are the same as those of array.

      • grow

        public static boolean[] grow​(boolean[] array,
                             int length)
        Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and the current length increased by 50%, provided that the given length is larger than the current length.

        If you want complete control on the array growth, you should probably use ensureCapacity() instead.

        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        length - the new minimum length for this array.
        Returns:
        array, if it can contain length entries; otherwise, an array with max(length,array.length/φ) entries whose first array.length entries are the same as those of array.

      • grow

        public static boolean[] grow​(boolean[] array,
                             int length,
                             int preserve)
        Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and the current length increased by 50%, provided that the given length is larger than the current length, preserving just a part of the array.

        If you want complete control on the array growth, you should probably use ensureCapacity() instead.

        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        length - the new minimum length for this array.
        preserve - the number of elements of the array that must be preserved in case a new allocation is necessary.
        Returns:
        array, if it can contain length entries; otherwise, an array with max(length,array.length/φ) entries whose first preserve entries are the same as those of array.

      • trim

        public static boolean[] trim​(boolean[] array,
                             int length)
        Trims the given array to the given length.
        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        length - the new maximum length for the array.
        Returns:
        array, if it contains length entries or less; otherwise, an array with length entries whose entries are the same as the first length entries of array.

      • setLength

        public static boolean[] setLength​(boolean[] array,
                                  int length)
        Sets the length of the given array.
        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        length - the new length for the array.
        Returns:
        array, if it contains exactly length entries; otherwise, if it contains more than length entries, an array with length entries whose entries are the same as the first length entries of array; otherwise, an array with length entries whose first array.length entries are the same as those of array.

      • copy

        public static boolean[] copy​(boolean[] array,
                             int offset,
                             int length)
        Returns a copy of a portion of an array.
        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        offset - the first element to copy.
        length - the number of elements to copy.
        Returns:
        a new array containing length elements of array starting at offset.

      • copy

        public static boolean[] copy​(boolean[] array)
        Returns a copy of an array.
        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        Returns:
        a copy of array.

      • fill

        @Deprecated
public static void fill​(boolean[] array,
                        boolean value)
        Deprecated.
        Please use the corresponding Arrays method.
        Fills the given array with the given value.
        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        value - the new value for all elements of the array.

      • fill

        @Deprecated
public static void fill​(boolean[] array,
                        int from,
                        int to,
                        boolean value)
        Deprecated.
        Please use the corresponding Arrays method.
        Fills a portion of the given array with the given value.
        Parameters:
        array - an array.
        from - the starting index of the portion to fill (inclusive).
        to - the end index of the portion to fill (exclusive).
        value - the new value for all elements of the specified portion of the array.

      • equals

        @Deprecated
public static boolean equals​(boolean[] a1,
                             boolean[] a2)
        Deprecated.
        Please use the corresponding Arrays method, which is intrinsified in recent JVMs.
        Returns true if the two arrays are elementwise equal.
        Parameters:
        a1 - an array.
        a2 - another array.
        Returns:
        true if the two arrays are of the same length, and their elements are equal.

      • ensureFromTo

        public static void ensureFromTo​(boolean[] a,
                                int from,
                                int to)
        Ensures that a range given by its first (inclusive) and last (exclusive) elements fits an array.

        This method may be used whenever an array range check is needed.

        Parameters:
        a - an array.
        from - a start index (inclusive).
        to - an end index (exclusive).
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if from is greater than to.
        ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if from or to are greater than the array length or negative.

      • ensureOffsetLength

        public static void ensureOffsetLength​(boolean[] a,
                                      int offset,
                                      int length)
        Ensures that a range given by an offset and a length fits an array.

        This method may be used whenever an array range check is needed.

        Parameters:
        a - an array.
        offset - a start index.
        length - a length (the number of elements in the range).
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if length is negative.
        ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - if offset is negative or offset+length is greater than the array length.

      • ensureSameLength

        public static void ensureSameLength​(boolean[] a,
                                    boolean[] b)
        Ensures that two arrays are of the same length.
        Parameters:
        a - an array.
        b - another array.
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if the two argument arrays are not of the same length.

      • swap

        public static void swap​(boolean[] x,
                        int a,
                        int b)
        Swaps two elements of an anrray.
        Parameters:
        x - an array.
        a - a position in x.
        b - another position in x.

      • swap

        public static void swap​(boolean[] x,
                        int a,
                        int b,
                        int n)
        Swaps two sequences of elements of an array.
        Parameters:
        x - an array.
        a - a position in x.
        b - another position in x.
        n - the number of elements to exchange starting at a and b.

      • quickSort

        public static void quickSort​(boolean[] x,
                             int from,
                             int to,
                             BooleanComparator comp)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in Arrays, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.

        Parameters:
        x - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
        comp - the comparator to determine the sorting order.

      • quickSort

        public static void quickSort​(boolean[] x,
                             BooleanComparator comp)
        Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in Arrays, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.

        Parameters:
        x - the array to be sorted.
        comp - the comparator to determine the sorting order.

      • parallelQuickSort

        public static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x,
                                     int from,
                                     int to,
                                     BooleanComparator comp)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using a parallel quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool executor service with Runtime.availableProcessors() parallel threads.

        Parameters:
        x - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
        comp - the comparator to determine the sorting order.

      • parallelQuickSort

        public static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x,
                                     BooleanComparator comp)
        Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using a parallel quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool executor service with Runtime.availableProcessors() parallel threads.

        Parameters:
        x - the array to be sorted.
        comp - the comparator to determine the sorting order.

      • quickSort

        public static void quickSort​(boolean[] x,
                             int from,
                             int to)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in Arrays, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.

        Parameters:
        x - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.

      • quickSort

        public static void quickSort​(boolean[] x)
        Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in Arrays, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.

        Parameters:
        x - the array to be sorted.

      • parallelQuickSort

        public static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x,
                                     int from,
                                     int to)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool executor service with Runtime.availableProcessors() parallel threads.

        Parameters:
        x - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.

      • parallelQuickSort

        public static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x)
        Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool executor service with Runtime.availableProcessors() parallel threads.

        Parameters:
        x - the array to be sorted.

      • quickSortIndirect

        public static void quickSortIndirect​(int[] perm,
                                     boolean[] x,
                                     int from,
                                     int to)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm (which must be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)) will be permuted so that x[perm[i]] &le; x[perm[i + 1]].

        Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in Arrays, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.

        Parameters:
        perm - a permutation array indexing x.
        x - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.

      • quickSortIndirect

        public static void quickSortIndirect​(int[] perm,
                                     boolean[] x)
        Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm (which must be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)) will be permuted so that x[perm[i]] &le; x[perm[i + 1]].

        Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in Arrays, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.

        Parameters:
        perm - a permutation array indexing x.
        x - the array to be sorted.

      • parallelQuickSortIndirect

        public static void parallelQuickSortIndirect​(int[] perm,
                                             boolean[] x,
                                             int from,
                                             int to)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm (which must be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)) will be permuted so that x[perm[i]] &le; x[perm[i + 1]].

        This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool executor service with Runtime.availableProcessors() parallel threads.

        Parameters:
        perm - a permutation array indexing x.
        x - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.

      • parallelQuickSortIndirect

        public static void parallelQuickSortIndirect​(int[] perm,
                                             boolean[] x)
        Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm (which must be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)) will be permuted so that x[perm[i]] &le; x[perm[i + 1]].

        This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool executor service with Runtime.availableProcessors() parallel threads.

        Parameters:
        perm - a permutation array indexing x.
        x - the array to be sorted.

      • stabilize

        public static void stabilize​(int[] perm,
                             boolean[] x,
                             int from,
                             int to)
        Stabilizes a permutation.

        This method can be used to stabilize the permutation generated by an indirect sorting, assuming that initially the permutation array was in ascending order (e.g., the identity, as usually happens). This method scans the permutation, and for each non-singleton block of elements with the same associated values in x, permutes them in ascending order. The resulting permutation corresponds to a stable sort.

        Usually combining an unstable indirect sort and this method is more efficient than using a stable sort, as most stable sort algorithms require a support array.

        More precisely, assuming that x[perm[i]] &le; x[perm[i + 1]], after stabilization we will also have that x[perm[i]] = x[perm[i + 1]] implies perm[i] &le; perm[i + 1].

        Parameters:
        perm - a permutation array indexing x so that it is sorted.
        x - the sorted array to be stabilized.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be stabilized.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be stabilized.

      • stabilize

        public static void stabilize​(int[] perm,
                             boolean[] x)
        Stabilizes a permutation.

        This method can be used to stabilize the permutation generated by an indirect sorting, assuming that initially the permutation array was in ascending order (e.g., the identity, as usually happens). This method scans the permutation, and for each non-singleton block of elements with the same associated values in x, permutes them in ascending order. The resulting permutation corresponds to a stable sort.

        Usually combining an unstable indirect sort and this method is more efficient than using a stable sort, as most stable sort algorithms require a support array.

        More precisely, assuming that x[perm[i]] &le; x[perm[i + 1]], after stabilization we will also have that x[perm[i]] = x[perm[i + 1]] implies perm[i] &le; perm[i + 1].

        Parameters:
        perm - a permutation array indexing x so that it is sorted.
        x - the sorted array to be stabilized.

      • quickSort

        public static void quickSort​(boolean[] x,
                             boolean[] y,
                             int from,
                             int to)
        Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either x[i] &lt; x[i + 1] or x[i] == x[i + 1] and y[i] &le; y[i + 1].

        Parameters:
        x - the first array to be sorted.
        y - the second array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.

      • quickSort

        public static void quickSort​(boolean[] x,
                             boolean[] y)
        Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either x[i] &lt; x[i + 1] or x[i] == x[i + 1] and y[i] &le; y[i + 1].

        Parameters:
        x - the first array to be sorted.
        y - the second array to be sorted.

      • parallelQuickSort

        public static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x,
                                     boolean[] y,
                                     int from,
                                     int to)
        Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using a parallel quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either x[i] &lt; x[i + 1] or x[i] == x[i + 1] and y[i] &le; y[i + 1].

        This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool executor service with Runtime.availableProcessors() parallel threads.

        Parameters:
        x - the first array to be sorted.
        y - the second array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.

      • parallelQuickSort

        public static void parallelQuickSort​(boolean[] x,
                                     boolean[] y)
        Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using a parallel quicksort.

        The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.

        This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either x[i] &lt; x[i + 1] or x[i] == x[i + 1] and y[i] &le; y[i + 1].

        This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool executor service with Runtime.availableProcessors() parallel threads.

        Parameters:
        x - the first array to be sorted.
        y - the second array to be sorted.

      • mergeSort

        public static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a,
                             int from,
                             int to,
                             boolean[] supp)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.

        This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. Moreover, no support arrays will be allocated.

        Parameters:
        a - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
        supp - a support array containing at least to elements, and whose entries are identical to those of a in the specified range.

      • mergeSort

        public static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a,
                             int from,
                             int to)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.

        This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. An array as large as a will be allocated by this method.

        Parameters:
        a - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.

      • mergeSort

        public static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a)
        Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.

        This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. An array as large as a will be allocated by this method.

        Parameters:
        a - the array to be sorted.

      • mergeSort

        public static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a,
                             int from,
                             int to,
                             BooleanComparator comp,
                             boolean[] supp)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.

        This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. Moreover, no support arrays will be allocated.

        Parameters:
        a - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
        comp - the comparator to determine the sorting order.
        supp - a support array containing at least to elements, and whose entries are identical to those of a in the specified range.

      • mergeSort

        public static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a,
                             int from,
                             int to,
                             BooleanComparator comp)
        Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort.

        This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. An array as large as a will be allocated by this method.

        Parameters:
        a - the array to be sorted.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
        comp - the comparator to determine the sorting order.

      • mergeSort

        public static void mergeSort​(boolean[] a,
                             BooleanComparator comp)
        Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort.

        This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. An array as large as a will be allocated by this method.

        Parameters:
        a - the array to be sorted.
        comp - the comparator to determine the sorting order.

      • shuffle

        public static boolean[] shuffle​(boolean[] a,
                                int from,
                                int to,
                                Random random)
        Shuffles the specified array fragment using the specified pseudorandom number generator.
        Parameters:
        a - the array to be shuffled.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be shuffled.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be shuffled.
        random - a pseudorandom number generator.
        Returns:
        a.

      • shuffle

        public static boolean[] shuffle​(boolean[] a,
                                Random random)
        Shuffles the specified array using the specified pseudorandom number generator.
        Parameters:
        a - the array to be shuffled.
        random - a pseudorandom number generator.
        Returns:
        a.

      • reverse

        public static boolean[] reverse​(boolean[] a)
        Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array.
        Parameters:
        a - the array to be reversed.
        Returns:
        a.

      • reverse

        public static boolean[] reverse​(boolean[] a,
                                int from,
                                int to)
        Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array fragment.
        Parameters:
        a - the array to be reversed.
        from - the index of the first element (inclusive) to be reversed.
        to - the index of the last element (exclusive) to be reversed.
        Returns:
        a.