HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder (Hive Standalone Metastore Common Code 4.0.0 API)

java.lang.Object
- com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder
- - com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.Builder<BuilderT>
  - - com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
    - - org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder

All Implemented Interfaces:

com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder, com.google.protobuf.MessageLite.Builder, com.google.protobuf.MessageLiteOrBuilder, com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder, Cloneable, HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder

Enclosing class:

HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData
```
public static final class HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder
extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
implements HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
```
Protobuf type org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.DecimalColumnStatsData

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`addRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value)`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData`	`build()`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData`	`buildPartial()`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clear()`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clearBitVectors()` `bytes bit_vectors = 5;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clearField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field)`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clearHighValue()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clearHistogram()` `bytes histogram = 6;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clearLowValue()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clearNumDvs()` `int64 num_dvs = 4;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clearNumNulls()` `int64 num_nulls = 3;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clearOneof(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof)`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`clone()`
`com.google.protobuf.ByteString`	`getBitVectors()` `bytes bit_vectors = 5;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData`	`getDefaultInstanceForType()`
`static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor`	`getDescriptor()`
`com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor`	`getDescriptorForType()`
`HiveMetastore.Decimal`	`getHighValue()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;`
`HiveMetastore.Decimal.Builder`	`getHighValueBuilder()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalOrBuilder`	`getHighValueOrBuilder()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;`
`com.google.protobuf.ByteString`	`getHistogram()` `bytes histogram = 6;`
`HiveMetastore.Decimal`	`getLowValue()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;`
`HiveMetastore.Decimal.Builder`	`getLowValueBuilder()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalOrBuilder`	`getLowValueOrBuilder()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;`
`long`	`getNumDvs()` `int64 num_dvs = 4;`
`long`	`getNumNulls()` `int64 num_nulls = 3;`
`boolean`	`hasHighValue()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;`
`boolean`	`hasLowValue()` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;`
`protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable`	`internalGetFieldAccessorTable()`
`boolean`	`isInitialized()`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input, com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`mergeFrom(HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData other)`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other)`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`mergeHighValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal value)` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`mergeLowValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal value)` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`mergeUnknownFields(com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setBitVectors(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value)` `bytes bit_vectors = 5;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value)`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setHighValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal.Builder builderForValue)` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setHighValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal value)` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setHistogram(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value)` `bytes histogram = 6;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setLowValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal.Builder builderForValue)` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setLowValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal value)` `.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setNumDvs(long value)` `int64 num_dvs = 4;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setNumNulls(long value)` `int64 num_nulls = 3;`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value)`
`HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder`	`setUnknownFields(com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)`

Methods inherited from class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder
getAllFields, getField, getFieldBuilder, getOneofFieldDescriptor, getParentForChildren, getRepeatedField, getRepeatedFieldBuilder, getRepeatedFieldCount, getUnknownFields, getUnknownFieldSetBuilder, hasField, hasOneof, internalGetMapField, internalGetMutableMapField, isClean, markClean, mergeUnknownLengthDelimitedField, mergeUnknownVarintField, newBuilderForField, onBuilt, onChanged, parseUnknownField, setUnknownFieldSetBuilder, setUnknownFieldsProto3

Methods inherited from class com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.Builder
findInitializationErrors, getInitializationErrorString, internalMergeFrom, mergeFrom, mergeFrom, mergeFrom, mergeFrom, mergeFrom, mergeFrom, mergeFrom, mergeFrom, mergeFrom, newUninitializedMessageException, toString

Methods inherited from class com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder
addAll, addAll, mergeDelimitedFrom, mergeDelimitedFrom, newUninitializedMessageException

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Methods inherited from interface com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder
findInitializationErrors, getAllFields, getField, getInitializationErrorString, getOneofFieldDescriptor, getRepeatedField, getRepeatedFieldCount, getUnknownFields, hasField, hasOneof

Methods inherited from interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
mergeDelimitedFrom, mergeDelimitedFrom

- Method Detail
  - getDescriptor
```
public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor()
```
  - internalGetFieldAccessorTable
```
protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable()
```
    Specified by:
    
    internalGetFieldAccessorTable in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - clear
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clear()
```
    Specified by:
    
    clear in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Specified by:
    
    clear in interface com.google.protobuf.MessageLite.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    clear in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - getDescriptorForType
```
public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType()
```
    Specified by:
    
    getDescriptorForType in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Specified by:
    
    getDescriptorForType in interface com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder
    
    Overrides:
    
    getDescriptorForType in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - getDefaultInstanceForType
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData getDefaultInstanceForType()
```
    Specified by:
    
    getDefaultInstanceForType in interface com.google.protobuf.MessageLiteOrBuilder
    
    Specified by:
    
    getDefaultInstanceForType in interface com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder
  - build
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData build()
```
    Specified by:
    
    build in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Specified by:
    
    build in interface com.google.protobuf.MessageLite.Builder
  - buildPartial
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData buildPartial()
```
    Specified by:
    
    buildPartial in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Specified by:
    
    buildPartial in interface com.google.protobuf.MessageLite.Builder
  - clone
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clone()
```
    Specified by:
    
    clone in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Specified by:
    
    clone in interface com.google.protobuf.MessageLite.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    clone in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - setField
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
                                                             Object value)
```
    Specified by:
    
    setField in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    setField in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - clearField
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clearField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field)
```
    Specified by:
    
    clearField in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    clearField in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - clearOneof
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clearOneof(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof)
```
    Specified by:
    
    clearOneof in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    clearOneof in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - setRepeatedField
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
                                                                     int index,
                                                                     Object value)
```
    Specified by:
    
    setRepeatedField in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    setRepeatedField in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - addRepeatedField
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder addRepeatedField(com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
                                                                     Object value)
```
    Specified by:
    
    addRepeatedField in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    addRepeatedField in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - mergeFrom
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other)
```
    Specified by:
    
    mergeFrom in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    mergeFrom in class com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - mergeFrom
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder mergeFrom(HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData other)
```
  - isInitialized
```
public final boolean isInitialized()
```
    Specified by:
    
    isInitialized in interface com.google.protobuf.MessageLiteOrBuilder
    
    Overrides:
    
    isInitialized in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - mergeFrom
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
                                                              com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
                                                       throws IOException
```
    Specified by:
    
    mergeFrom in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Specified by:
    
    mergeFrom in interface com.google.protobuf.MessageLite.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    mergeFrom in class com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException
  - hasLowValue
```
public boolean hasLowValue()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;
    
    Specified by:
    
    hasLowValue in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
    
    Returns:
    
    Whether the lowValue field is set.
  - getLowValue
```
public HiveMetastore.Decimal getLowValue()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;
    
    Specified by:
    
    getLowValue in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
    
    Returns:
    
    The lowValue.
  - setLowValue
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setLowValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal value)
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;
  - setLowValue
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setLowValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal.Builder builderForValue)
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;
  - mergeLowValue
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder mergeLowValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal value)
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;
  - clearLowValue
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clearLowValue()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;
  - getLowValueBuilder
```
public HiveMetastore.Decimal.Builder getLowValueBuilder()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;
  - getLowValueOrBuilder
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalOrBuilder getLowValueOrBuilder()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal low_value = 1;
    
    Specified by:
    
    getLowValueOrBuilder in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
  - hasHighValue
```
public boolean hasHighValue()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;
    
    Specified by:
    
    hasHighValue in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
    
    Returns:
    
    Whether the highValue field is set.
  - getHighValue
```
public HiveMetastore.Decimal getHighValue()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;
    
    Specified by:
    
    getHighValue in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
    
    Returns:
    
    The highValue.
  - setHighValue
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setHighValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal value)
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;
  - setHighValue
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setHighValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal.Builder builderForValue)
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;
  - mergeHighValue
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder mergeHighValue(HiveMetastore.Decimal value)
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;
  - clearHighValue
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clearHighValue()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;
  - getHighValueBuilder
```
public HiveMetastore.Decimal.Builder getHighValueBuilder()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;
  - getHighValueOrBuilder
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalOrBuilder getHighValueOrBuilder()
```
    .org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.grpc.Decimal high_value = 2;
    
    Specified by:
    
    getHighValueOrBuilder in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
  - getNumNulls
```
public long getNumNulls()
```
    int64 num_nulls = 3;
    
    Specified by:
    
    getNumNulls in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
    
    Returns:
    
    The numNulls.
  - setNumNulls
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setNumNulls(long value)
```
    int64 num_nulls = 3;
    
    Parameters:
    
    value - The numNulls to set.
    
    Returns:
    
    This builder for chaining.
  - clearNumNulls
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clearNumNulls()
```
    int64 num_nulls = 3;
    
    Returns:
    
    This builder for chaining.
  - getNumDvs
```
public long getNumDvs()
```
    int64 num_dvs = 4;
    
    Specified by:
    
    getNumDvs in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
    
    Returns:
    
    The numDvs.
  - setNumDvs
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setNumDvs(long value)
```
    int64 num_dvs = 4;
    
    Parameters:
    
    value - The numDvs to set.
    
    Returns:
    
    This builder for chaining.
  - clearNumDvs
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clearNumDvs()
```
    int64 num_dvs = 4;
    
    Returns:
    
    This builder for chaining.
  - getBitVectors
```
public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getBitVectors()
```
    bytes bit_vectors = 5;
    
    Specified by:
    
    getBitVectors in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
    
    Returns:
    
    The bitVectors.
  - setBitVectors
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setBitVectors(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value)
```
    bytes bit_vectors = 5;
    
    Parameters:
    
    value - The bitVectors to set.
    
    Returns:
    
    This builder for chaining.
  - clearBitVectors
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clearBitVectors()
```
    bytes bit_vectors = 5;
    
    Returns:
    
    This builder for chaining.
  - getHistogram
```
public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getHistogram()
```
    bytes histogram = 6;
    
    Specified by:
    
    getHistogram in interface HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsDataOrBuilder
    
    Returns:
    
    The histogram.
  - setHistogram
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setHistogram(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value)
```
    bytes histogram = 6;
    
    Parameters:
    
    value - The histogram to set.
    
    Returns:
    
    This builder for chaining.
  - clearHistogram
```
public HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder clearHistogram()
```
    bytes histogram = 6;
    
    Returns:
    
    This builder for chaining.
  - setUnknownFields
```
public final HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder setUnknownFields(com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)
```
    Specified by:
    
    setUnknownFields in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    setUnknownFields in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>
  - mergeUnknownFields
```
public final HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder mergeUnknownFields(com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields)
```
    Specified by:
    
    mergeUnknownFields in interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder
    
    Overrides:
    
    mergeUnknownFields in class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder>

Class HiveMetastore.DecimalColumnStatsData.Builder

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder

Methods inherited from class com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.Builder

Methods inherited from class com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Methods inherited from interface com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder

Methods inherited from interface com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder

Method Detail

getDescriptor

internalGetFieldAccessorTable

clear

getDescriptorForType

getDefaultInstanceForType

build

buildPartial

clone

setField

clearField

clearOneof

setRepeatedField

addRepeatedField

mergeFrom

mergeFrom

isInitialized

mergeFrom

hasLowValue

getLowValue

setLowValue

setLowValue

mergeLowValue

clearLowValue

getLowValueBuilder

getLowValueOrBuilder

hasHighValue

getHighValue

setHighValue

setHighValue

mergeHighValue

clearHighValue

getHighValueBuilder

getHighValueOrBuilder

getNumNulls

setNumNulls

clearNumNulls

getNumDvs

setNumDvs

clearNumDvs

getBitVectors

setBitVectors

clearBitVectors

getHistogram

setHistogram

clearHistogram

setUnknownFields

mergeUnknownFields