TestKit

org.apache.pekko.testkit.TestKit
See theTestKit companion object
class TestKit(_system: ActorSystem) extends TestKitBase

Test kit for testing actors. Inheriting from this class enables reception of replies from actors, which are queued by an internal actor and can be examined using the expectMsg... methods. Assertions and bounds concerning timing are available in the form of within blocks.

class Test extends TestKit(ActorSystem()) {
 try {

   val test = system.actorOf(Props[SomeActor])

     within (1.second) {
       test ! SomeWork
       expectMsg(Result1) // bounded to 1 second
       expectMsg(Result2) // bounded to the remainder of the 1 second
     }

   } finally {
     system.terminate()
   }

 } finally {
   system.terminate()
 }
}

Beware of two points:

  • the ActorSystem passed into the constructor needs to be shutdown, otherwise thread pools and memory will be leaked
  • this class is not thread-safe (only one actor with one queue, one stack of within blocks); it is expected that the code is executed from a constructor as shown above, which makes this a non-issue, otherwise take care not to run tests within a single test class instance in parallel.

It should be noted that for CI servers and the like all maximum Durations are scaled using their Duration.dilated method, which uses the TestKitExtension.Settings.TestTimeFactor settable via pekko.conf entry "pekko.test.timefactor".

Attributes

Since

1.1

Companion
object
Source
TestKit.scala
Graph
Supertypes
trait TestKitBase
class Object
trait Matchable
class Any
Known subtypes
class TestProbe

Members list

Value members

Inherited methods

def assertForDuration[A](a: => A, max: FiniteDuration, interval: Duration): A

Evaluate the given assert every interval until exception is thrown or max timeout is expired.

Evaluate the given assert every interval until exception is thrown or max timeout is expired.

Returns the result of last evaluation of the assertion.

If no timeout is given, take it from the innermost enclosing within block.

Note that the timeout is scaled using Duration.dilated, which uses the configuration entry "pekko.test.timefactor".

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def awaitAssert[A](a: => A, max: Duration, interval: Duration): A

Evaluate the given assert every interval until it does not throw an exception and return the result.

Evaluate the given assert every interval until it does not throw an exception and return the result.

If the max timeout expires the last exception is thrown.

If no timeout is given, take it from the innermost enclosing within block.

Note that the timeout is scaled using Duration.dilated, which uses the configuration entry "pekko.test.timefactor".

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def awaitCond(p: => Boolean, max: Duration, interval: Duration, message: String): Unit

Await until the given condition evaluates to true or the timeout expires, whichever comes first.

Await until the given condition evaluates to true or the timeout expires, whichever comes first.

If no timeout is given, take it from the innermost enclosing within block.

Note that the timeout is scaled using Duration.dilated, which uses the configuration entry "pekko.test.timefactor".

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def childActorOf(props: Props): ActorRef

Spawns an actor as a child of this test actor with an auto-generated name and stopping supervisor strategy, returning the child's ActorRef.

Spawns an actor as a child of this test actor with an auto-generated name and stopping supervisor strategy, returning the child's ActorRef.

Value parameters

props

Props to create the child actor

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def childActorOf(props: Props, name: String): ActorRef

Spawns an actor as a child of this test actor with a stopping supervisor strategy, and returns the child's ActorRef.

Spawns an actor as a child of this test actor with a stopping supervisor strategy, and returns the child's ActorRef.

Value parameters

name

Actor name for the child actor

props

Props to create the child actor

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def childActorOf(props: Props, supervisorStrategy: SupervisorStrategy): ActorRef

Spawns an actor as a child of this test actor with an auto-generated name, and returns the child's ActorRef.

Spawns an actor as a child of this test actor with an auto-generated name, and returns the child's ActorRef.

Value parameters

props

Props to create the child actor

supervisorStrategy

Strategy should decide what to do with failures in the actor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def childActorOf(props: Props, name: String, supervisorStrategy: SupervisorStrategy): ActorRef

Spawns an actor as a child of this test actor, and returns the child's ActorRef.

Spawns an actor as a child of this test actor, and returns the child's ActorRef.

Value parameters

name

Actor name for the child actor

props

Props to create the child actor

supervisorStrategy

Strategy should decide what to do with failures in the actor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsg[T](max: FiniteDuration, hint: String, obj: T): T

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it equals the given object. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it equals the given object. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Attributes

Returns

the received object

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsg[T](max: FiniteDuration, obj: T): T

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it equals the given object. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it equals the given object. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Attributes

Returns

the received object

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsg[T](obj: T): T

Same as expectMsg(remainingOrDefault, obj), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Same as expectMsg(remainingOrDefault, obj), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAllClassOf[T](max: FiniteDuration, obj: Class[_ <: T]*): Seq[T]

Receive a number of messages from the test actor matching the given number of classes and assert that for each given class one is received which is of that class (equality, not conformance). This construct is useful when the order in which the objects are received is not fixed. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive a number of messages from the test actor matching the given number of classes and assert that for each given class one is received which is of that class (equality, not conformance). This construct is useful when the order in which the objects are received is not fixed. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAllClassOf[T](obj: Class[_ <: T]*): Seq[T]

Same as expectMsgAllClassOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Same as expectMsgAllClassOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAllConformingOf[T](max: FiniteDuration, obj: Class[_ <: T]*): Seq[T]

Receive a number of messages from the test actor matching the given number of classes and assert that for each given class one is received which conforms to that class (and vice versa). This construct is useful when the order in which the objects are received is not fixed. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive a number of messages from the test actor matching the given number of classes and assert that for each given class one is received which conforms to that class (and vice versa). This construct is useful when the order in which the objects are received is not fixed. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Beware that one object may satisfy all given class constraints, which may be counter-intuitive.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAllConformingOf[T](obj: Class[_ <: T]*): Seq[T]

Same as expectMsgAllConformingOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Same as expectMsgAllConformingOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAllOf[T](max: FiniteDuration, obj: T*): Seq[T]

Receive a number of messages from the test actor matching the given number of objects and assert that for each given object one is received which equals it and vice versa. This construct is useful when the order in which the objects are received is not fixed. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive a number of messages from the test actor matching the given number of objects and assert that for each given object one is received which equals it and vice versa. This construct is useful when the order in which the objects are received is not fixed. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

 dispatcher ! SomeWork1()
 dispatcher ! SomeWork2()
 expectMsgAllOf(1 second, Result1(), Result2())

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAllOf[T](obj: T*): Seq[T]

Same as expectMsgAllOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Same as expectMsgAllOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAnyClassOf[C](max: FiniteDuration, obj: Class[_ <: C]*): C

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it conforms to one of the given classes. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it conforms to one of the given classes. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Attributes

Returns

the received object

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAnyClassOf[C](obj: Class[_ <: C]*): C

Same as expectMsgAnyClassOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Same as expectMsgAnyClassOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAnyOf[T](max: FiniteDuration, obj: T*): T

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it equals one of the given objects. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it equals one of the given objects. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Attributes

Returns

the received object

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgAnyOf[T](obj: T*): T

Same as expectMsgAnyOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Same as expectMsgAnyOf(remainingOrDefault, obj...), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgClass[C](max: FiniteDuration, c: Class[C]): C

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it conforms to the given class. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it conforms to the given class. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Attributes

Returns

the received object

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgClass[C](c: Class[C]): C

Same as expectMsgClass(remainingOrDefault, c), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Same as expectMsgClass(remainingOrDefault, c), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgPF[T](max: Duration, hint: String)(f: PartialFunction[Any, T]): T

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that the given partial function accepts it. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that the given partial function accepts it. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Use this variant to implement more complicated or conditional processing.

Attributes

Returns

the received object as transformed by the partial function

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgType[T](max: FiniteDuration)(implicit t: ClassTag[T]): T

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it conforms to the given type (after erasure). Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it conforms to the given type (after erasure). Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Attributes

Returns

the received object

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectMsgType[T](implicit t: ClassTag[T]): T

Same as expectMsgType[T](remainingOrDefault), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Same as expectMsgType[T](remainingOrDefault), but correctly treating the timeFactor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Assert that no message is received. Waits for the default period configured as pekko.test.expect-no-message-default. That timeout is scaled using the configuration entry "pekko.test.timefactor".

Assert that no message is received. Waits for the default period configured as pekko.test.expect-no-message-default. That timeout is scaled using the configuration entry "pekko.test.timefactor".

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Assert that no message is received for the specified time. Supplied value is not dilated.

Assert that no message is received for the specified time. Supplied value is not dilated.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it is the Terminated message of the given ActorRef. Before calling this method, you have to watch the target actor ref. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Receive one message from the test actor and assert that it is the Terminated message of the given ActorRef. Before calling this method, you have to watch the target actor ref. Wait time is bounded by the given duration, with an AssertionFailure being thrown in case of timeout.

Value parameters

max

wait no more than max time, otherwise throw AssertionFailure

target

the actor ref expected to be Terminated

Attributes

Returns

the received Terminated message

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def fishForMessage(max: Duration, hint: String)(f: PartialFunction[Any, Boolean]): Any

Hybrid of expectMsgPF and receiveWhile: receive messages while the partial function matches and returns false. Use it to ignore certain messages while waiting for a specific message.

Hybrid of expectMsgPF and receiveWhile: receive messages while the partial function matches and returns false. Use it to ignore certain messages while waiting for a specific message.

Attributes

Returns

the last received message, i.e. the first one for which the partial function returned true

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def fishForSpecificMessage[T](max: Duration, hint: String)(f: PartialFunction[Any, T]): T

Waits for specific message that partial function matches while ignoring all other messages coming in the meantime. Use it to ignore any number of messages while waiting for a specific one.

Waits for specific message that partial function matches while ignoring all other messages coming in the meantime. Use it to ignore any number of messages while waiting for a specific one.

Attributes

Returns

result of applying partial function to the last received message, i.e. the first one for which the partial function is defined

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Ignore all messages in the test actor for which the given partial function returns true.

Ignore all messages in the test actor for which the given partial function returns true.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def ignoreNoMsg(): Unit

Stop ignoring messages in the test actor.

Stop ignoring messages in the test actor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Query queue status.

Query queue status.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Obtain current time (System.nanoTime) as Duration.

Obtain current time (System.nanoTime) as Duration.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def receiveN(n: Int, max: FiniteDuration): Seq[AnyRef]

Receive N messages in a row before the given deadline.

Receive N messages in a row before the given deadline.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def receiveN(n: Int): Seq[AnyRef]

Same as receiveN(n, remaining) but correctly taking into account Duration.timeFactor.

Same as receiveN(n, remaining) but correctly taking into account Duration.timeFactor.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def receiveOne(max: Duration): AnyRef

Receive one message from the internal queue of the TestActor. If the given duration is zero, the queue is polled (non-blocking).

Receive one message from the internal queue of the TestActor. If the given duration is zero, the queue is polled (non-blocking).

This method does NOT automatically scale its Duration parameter!

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def receiveWhile[T](max: Duration, idle: Duration, messages: Int)(f: PartialFunction[AnyRef, T]): Seq[T]

Receive a series of messages until one does not match the given partial function or the idle timeout is met (disabled by default) or the overall maximum duration is elapsed or expected messages count is reached. Returns the sequence of messages.

Receive a series of messages until one does not match the given partial function or the idle timeout is met (disabled by default) or the overall maximum duration is elapsed or expected messages count is reached. Returns the sequence of messages.

Note that it is not an error to hit the max duration in this case.

One possible use of this method is for testing whether messages of certain characteristics are generated at a certain rate:

test ! ScheduleTicks(100 millis)
val series = receiveWhile(750 millis) {
   case Tick(count) => count
}
assert(series == (1 to 7).toList)

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Obtain time remaining for execution of the innermost enclosing within block or throw an AssertionError if no within block surrounds this call.

Obtain time remaining for execution of the innermost enclosing within block or throw an AssertionError if no within block surrounds this call.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Obtain time remaining for execution of the innermost enclosing within block or missing that it returns the given duration.

Obtain time remaining for execution of the innermost enclosing within block or missing that it returns the given duration.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Obtain time remaining for execution of the innermost enclosing within block or missing that it returns the properly dilated default for this case from settings (key "pekko.test.single-expect-default").

Obtain time remaining for execution of the innermost enclosing within block or missing that it returns the properly dilated default for this case from settings (key "pekko.test.single-expect-default").

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def setAutoPilot(pilot: AutoPilot): Unit

Install an AutoPilot to drive the testActor: the AutoPilot will be run for each received message and can be used to send or forward messages, etc. Each invocation must return the AutoPilot for the next round.

Install an AutoPilot to drive the testActor: the AutoPilot will be run for each received message and can be used to send or forward messages, etc. Each invocation must return the AutoPilot for the next round.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def shutdown(actorSystem: ActorSystem, duration: Duration, verifySystemShutdown: Boolean): Unit

Shut down an actor system and wait for termination. On failure debug output will be logged about the remaining actors in the system.

Shut down an actor system and wait for termination. On failure debug output will be logged about the remaining actors in the system.

If verifySystemShutdown is true, then an exception will be thrown on failure.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
protected def testActorName: String

Defines the testActor name.

Defines the testActor name.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Have the testActor stop watching someone (i.e. context.unwatch(...)).

Have the testActor stop watching someone (i.e. context.unwatch(...)).

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def watch(ref: ActorRef): ActorRef

Have the testActor watch someone (i.e. context.watch(...)).

Have the testActor watch someone (i.e. context.watch(...)).

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def within[T](max: FiniteDuration)(f: => T): T

Same as calling within(0 seconds, max)(f).

Same as calling within(0 seconds, max)(f).

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def within[T](min: FiniteDuration, max: FiniteDuration)(f: => T): T

Execute code block while bounding its execution time between min and max. within blocks may be nested. All methods in this trait which take maximum wait times are available in a version which implicitly uses the remaining time governed by the innermost enclosing within block.

Execute code block while bounding its execution time between min and max. within blocks may be nested. All methods in this trait which take maximum wait times are available in a version which implicitly uses the remaining time governed by the innermost enclosing within block.

Note that the timeout is scaled using Duration.dilated, which uses the configuration entry "pekko.test.timefactor", while the min Duration is not.

val ret = within(50 millis) {
 test ! "ping"
 expectMsgClass(classOf[String])
}

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Deprecated and Inherited methods

Assert that no message is received for the specified time. NOTE! Supplied value is always dilated.

Assert that no message is received for the specified time. NOTE! Supplied value is always dilated.

Attributes

Deprecated
[Since version Akka 2.5.5] Use expectNoMessage instead
Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala
def expectNoMsg(): Unit

Assert that no message is received. Waits for the default period configured as pekko.test.expect-no-message-default. That timeout is scaled using the configuration entry "pekko.test.timefactor".

Assert that no message is received. Waits for the default period configured as pekko.test.expect-no-message-default. That timeout is scaled using the configuration entry "pekko.test.timefactor".

Attributes

Deprecated
[Since version Akka 2.5.5] Use expectNoMessage instead
Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Inherited fields

lazy val testActor: ActorRef

ActorRef of the test actor. Access is provided to enable e.g. registration as message target.

ActorRef of the test actor. Access is provided to enable e.g. registration as message target.

Attributes

Inherited from:
TestKitBase
Source
TestKit.scala

Implicits

Implicits

implicit val system: ActorSystem

Attributes

Source
TestKit.scala