Deprecated API

Contents

• Interfaces
• Classes
• Fields
• Methods
• Constructors

Interfaces

Interface	Description
com.sun.xml.ws.api.ImpliesWebServiceFeature	use FeatureListValidatorAnnotation
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Fiber.Listener	Use NextAction.suspend(Runnable)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Pipe	Use Tube.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.server.EndpointComponent	replaced by Component
com.sun.xml.ws.streaming.MtomStreamWriter	use org.jvnet.staxex.util.MtomStreamWriter
com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.writer.WSDLResolver	Use com.oracle.webservices.api.databinding.WSDLResolver directly
com.sun.xml.wss.impl.callback.SAMLAssertionValidator	use the new extended SAMLValidator interface An implementation of the extended SAMLValidator interface can throw UnsupportedOperationException for methods defined in this base interface.

Classes

Class	Description
com.sun.xml.rpc.processor.modeler.rmi.SOAPSimpleTypeCreator	This class will be deprecated. Use com.sun.xml.rpc.util.JAXRPCClassFactory to get SOAPSimpleTypeCreatorBase instance.
com.sun.xml.rpc.processor.modeler.wsdl.SchemaAnalyzer	This class will be deprecated. Use com.sun.xml.rpc.util.JAXRPCClassFactory to get SchemaAnalyzerBase instance.
com.sun.xml.rpc.processor.modeler.wsdl.WSDLModeler	This class will be deprecated. Use com.sun.xml.rpc.util.JAXRPCClassFactory to get WSDLModelerBase instance.
com.sun.xml.rpc.processor.schema.InternalSchemaBuilder	This class will be deprecated. Use com.sun.xml.rpc.util.JAXRPCClassFactory to get SchemaAnalyzerBase instance.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.DistributedPropertySet	Use com.oracle.webservices.api.message.DistributedPropertySet instead.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.ClientPipeAssemblerContext	Use ClientTubeAssemblerContext.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.PipeCloner	Use TubeCloner.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.PipelineAssemblerFactory	Use TubelineAssemblerFactory instead.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.ServerPipeAssemblerContext	Use ServerTubeAssemblerContext.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.PropertySet	Use com.oracle.webservices.api.message.PropertySet instead.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.PropertySet.PropertyMap
com.sun.xml.ws.assembler.jaxws.TransportTubeFactory	Use com.sun.xml.ws.assembler.metro.jaxws.TransportTubeFactory provided by metro-wsit instead.
com.sun.xml.ws.util.xml.XMLStreamReaderToXMLStreamWriter	use org.jvnet.staxex.util.XMLStreamReaderToXMLStreamWriter
com.sun.xml.wss.impl.callback.PrefixNamespaceMappingCallback	: since XWS 2.0 EA
com.sun.xml.wss.impl.callback.PropertyCallback	This callback is no longer supported by the XWS-Security runtime, use the XWS-Security configuration file to set the above property values instead.

Fields

Field	Description
com.sun.xml.rpc.encoding.simpletype.TimeZone.minutes	here just for the serialization backward compatibility.
com.sun.xml.ws.addressing.WsaServerTube.REQUEST_MESSAGE_ID	Use JAXWSProperties.ADDRESSING_MESSAGEID.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Packet.isOneWay
com.sun.xml.ws.api.SOAPVersion.saajMessageFactory
com.sun.xml.ws.api.SOAPVersion.saajSoapFactory
com.sun.xml.ws.client.BindingProviderProperties.HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION_PROPERTY
com.sun.xml.ws.developer.JAXWSProperties.CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_PROPERTY	use ContentNegotiation.PROPERTY
com.sun.xml.ws.model.AbstractSEIModelImpl.jaxbContext
com.sun.xml.ws.org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.b	Use ClassReader.readByte(int) and the other read methods instead. This field will eventually be deleted.
com.sun.xml.ws.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.ASM10_EXPERIMENTAL	This API is experimental.

Methods

Method	Description
com.oracle.webservices.api.databinding.Databinding.Builder.entityResolver(EntityResolver)	- no replacement - this was never implemented Sets the EntityResolver for reading the WSDL
com.oracle.webservices.api.databinding.Databinding.Builder.wsdlSource(Source)	- no replacement - this was never implemented Sets the WSDL Source where the WSDL can be read from
com.oracle.webservices.api.databinding.Databinding.Builder.wsdlURL(URL)	- no replacement - this was never implemented Sets the WSDL URL where the WSDL can be read from
com.oracle.webservices.api.message.BasePropertySet.createMapView()	use newer implementation PropertySet.asMap() which produces readwrite Map
com.oracle.webservices.api.message.MessageContext.getSOAPMessage()	use getAsSOAPMessage
com.oracle.webservices.api.message.MessageContextFactory.create(ClassLoader...)
com.oracle.webservices.api.message.MessageContextFactory.createContext(InputStream, MimeHeaders)	http://java.net/jira/browse/JAX_WS-1077
com.oracle.webservices.api.message.MessageContextFactory.doCreate()
com.oracle.webservices.api.message.PropertySet.createMapView()	use newer implementation BasePropertySet.asMap() which produces readwrite Map
com.sun.xml.messaging.saaj.packaging.mime.util.ASCIIUtility.getBytes(InputStream)	this is an expensive operation that require an additional buffer reallocation just to get the array of an exact size. Unless you absolutely need the exact size array, don't use this. Use ByteOutputStream and ByteOutputStream.write(InputStream).
com.sun.xml.messaging.saaj.util.ByteOutputStream.toByteArray()	because this is evil!
com.sun.xml.stream.buffer.AbstractProcessor.setBuffer(XMLStreamBuffer)	Use AbstractProcessor.setBuffer(XMLStreamBuffer, boolean)
com.sun.xml.stream.buffer.sax.SAXBufferProcessor.process(XMLStreamBuffer)	Use SAXBufferProcessor.process(XMLStreamBuffer, boolean)
com.sun.xml.stream.buffer.sax.SAXBufferProcessor.setXMLStreamBuffer(XMLStreamBuffer)	Use SAXBufferProcessor.setXMLStreamBuffer(XMLStreamBuffer, boolean).
com.sun.xml.stream.buffer.stax.StreamWriterBufferProcessor.setXMLStreamBuffer(XMLStreamBuffer)	Use StreamWriterBufferProcessor.setXMLStreamBuffer(XMLStreamBuffer, boolean)
com.sun.xml.stream.buffer.XMLStreamBuffer.readAsXMLReader()	Use XMLStreamBuffer.readAsXMLReader(boolean)
com.sun.xml.stream.buffer.XMLStreamBuffer.writeTo(ContentHandler)	Use XMLStreamBuffer.writeTo(ContentHandler,boolean)
com.sun.xml.stream.buffer.XMLStreamBuffer.writeToXMLStreamWriter(XMLStreamWriter)	Use XMLStreamBuffer.writeToXMLStreamWriter(XMLStreamWriter, boolean)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.addressing.AddressingVersion.getAnonymousUri()	Use AddressingVersion.anonymousUri
com.sun.xml.ws.api.addressing.AddressingVersion.getNoneUri()	Use AddressingVersion.noneUri.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.addressing.AddressingVersion.getNsUri()	Use AddressingVersion.nsUri.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.addressing.AddressingVersion.getWsaHelper(WSDLPort, SEIModel, WSBinding)	TODO why are we exposing implementation specificc class through api? TODO Remove it if no one elase uses it.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.addressing.WSEndpointReference.addReferenceParametersToList(HeaderList)	- use addReferenceParametersToList(MessageHeaders)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.client.WSPortInfo.getPolicyMap()	Do not use this method as the PolicyMap API is not final yet and might change in next few months.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.databinding.Databinding.decode(InputStream, String, Packet)	use MessageContextFactory
com.sun.xml.ws.api.databinding.Databinding.encode(Packet, OutputStream)	use MessageContextFactory
com.sun.xml.ws.api.DistributedPropertySet.addSatellite(PropertySet)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.DistributedPropertySet.copySatelliteInto(DistributedPropertySet)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.DistributedPropertySet.removeSatellite(PropertySet)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.FilterMessageImpl.readPayloadAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Header.readAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.HeaderList.addAll(Header...)	throws UnsupportedOperationException from some HeaderList implementations - better iterate over items one by one
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.HeaderList.get(String, String)	Use HeaderList.get(String, String, boolean)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.HeaderList.getHeaders(String, String)	Use HeaderList.getHeaders(String, String, boolean)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.HeaderList.understood(Header)	By the definition of ArrayList, this operation requires O(n) search of the array, and thus inherently inefficient. Because of this, if you are developing a Pipe for a performance sensitive environment, do not use this method.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Headers.create(SOAPVersion, Marshaller, Object)	Use Headers.create(BindingContext, Object) instead.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Message.getID(WSBinding)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Message.getMethod(SEIModel)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Message.getOperation(WSDLBoundPortType)	It is not always possible to uniquely identify the WSDL Operation from just the information in the Message. Instead, Use Packet.getWSDLOperation() to get it correctly. This method works only for a request. A pipe can determine an operation for a request, and then keep it in a local variable to use it with a response, so there should be no need to find out operation from a response (besides, there might not be any response!).
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Message.readPayloadAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.MessageContextFactory.createContext(InputStream, MimeHeaders)	http://java.net/jira/browse/JAX_WS-1077
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.MessageContextFactory.doCreate()
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Messages.create(JAXBContext, Object, SOAPVersion)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Messages.createAddressingFaultMessage(WSBinding, QName)	Use Messages.createAddressingFaultMessage(WSBinding, Packet, QName)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Messages.createRaw(JAXBContext, Object, SOAPVersion)	For use when creating a Dispatch object with an unknown JAXB implementation for he JAXBContext parameter.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Packet.addSatellite(PropertySet)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Packet.copySatelliteInto(DistributedPropertySet)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Packet.createResponse(Message)	Use createClientResponse(Message) for client side and createServerResponse(Message, String) for server side response creation.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Packet.getApplicationScopePropertyNames(boolean)	Use Packet.getHandlerScopePropertyNames(boolean). To be removed once Tango components are updated.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Packet.getEndPointAddressString()	The programatic acccess should be done via Packet.endpointAddress. This is for JAX-WS client applications that access this property via BindingProvider.ENDPOINT_ADDRESS_PROPERTY.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.Packet.removeSatellite(PropertySet)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.model.CheckedException.getBridge()	Why do you need this?
com.sun.xml.ws.api.model.Parameter.getBridge()
com.sun.xml.ws.api.model.SEIModel.getJAXBContext()	Why do you need this?
com.sun.xml.ws.api.model.wsdl.editable.EditableWSDLModel.setPolicyMap(PolicyMap)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.model.wsdl.WSDLModel.getPolicyMap()	Do not use this method as the PolicyMap API is not final yet and might change in next few months.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Codecs.createSOAPEnvelopeXmlCodec(WSBinding)	use Codecs.createSOAPEnvelopeXmlCodec(WSFeatureList)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Fiber.addListener(Fiber.Listener)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Fiber.removeListener(Fiber.Listener)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Fiber.run()
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.helper.AbstractTubeImpl.doSuspend()
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.NextAction.suspend()	Use variants that pass Runnable
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Stubs.createDataSourceDispatch(QName, WSService, WSBinding, Service.Mode, Tube, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Stubs.createJAXBDispatch(QName, WSService, WSBinding, JAXBContext, Service.Mode, Tube, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Stubs.createMessageDispatch(QName, WSService, WSBinding, Tube, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Stubs.createSAAJDispatch(QName, WSService, WSBinding, Service.Mode, Tube, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.Stubs.createSourceDispatch(QName, WSService, WSBinding, Service.Mode, Tube, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.TransportPipeFactory.create(ClassLoader, ClientPipeAssemblerContext)	Use TransportTubeFactory.create(ClassLoader, ClientTubeAssemblerContext)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.TubelineAssemblerFactory.create(ClassLoader, BindingID)	Use TubelineAssemblerFactory.create(ClassLoader, BindingID, Container)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.PropertySet.parse(Class)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.server.InstanceResolver.createDefault(Class<T>, boolean)	This is added here because a Glassfish integration happened with this signature. Please do not use this. Will be removed after the next GF integration.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.server.InstanceResolver.start(WebServiceContext)	Use InstanceResolver.start(WSWebServiceContext,WSEndpoint).
com.sun.xml.ws.api.server.Invoker.start(WebServiceContext)	Use Invoker.start(WSWebServiceContext,WSEndpoint)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.server.WSEndpoint.create(Class<T>, boolean, Invoker, QName, QName, Container, WSBinding, SDDocumentSource, Collection<? extends SDDocumentSource>, EntityResolver)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.server.WSEndpoint.getComponentRegistry()	Use WSEndpoint.getComponents() instead
com.sun.xml.ws.api.server.WSEndpoint.getPolicyMap()	Do not use this method as the PolicyMap API is not final yet and might change in next few months.
com.sun.xml.ws.api.streaming.XMLStreamWriterFactory.createXMLStreamWriter(OutputStream)	Use XMLStreamWriterFactory.create(OutputStream)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.wsdl.writer.WSDLGeneratorExtension.start(TypedXmlWriter, SEIModel, WSBinding, Container)
com.sun.xml.ws.assembler.metro.dev.ClientPipelineHook.createSecurityPipe(PolicyMap, ClientPipeAssemblerContext, Pipe)	Use ClientPipelineHook.createSecurityTube(com.sun.xml.ws.assembler.dev.ClientTubelineAssemblyContext).
com.sun.xml.ws.client.dispatch.DispatchImpl.createSourceDispatch(QName, Service.Mode, WSServiceDelegate, Tube, BindingImpl, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.PortInfo.getBindingID()	Only meant to be used via PortInfo. Use PortInfo.bindingId.
com.sun.xml.ws.client.PortInfo.getServiceName()	Only meant to be used via PortInfo. Use WSServiceDelegate.getServiceName().
com.sun.xml.ws.client.RequestContext.addSatellite(PropertySet)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.RequestContext.getEndPointAddressString()	always access RequestContext.endpointAddress.
com.sun.xml.ws.developer.StatefulWebServiceManager.export(Class<EPR>, String, T)	This method is provided as a temporary workaround, and we'll eventually try to remove it.
com.sun.xml.ws.encoding.StreamSOAPCodec.create(WSBinding)	use StreamSOAPCodec.create(WSFeatureList)
com.sun.xml.ws.message.AbstractHeaderImpl.readAsJAXB(Bridge<T>, BridgeContext)
com.sun.xml.ws.message.AbstractMessageImpl.readPayloadAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.message.DOMHeader.readAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.message.DOMMessage.readPayloadAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.message.jaxb.JAXBHeader.readAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.message.jaxb.JAXBMessage.create(JAXBContext, Object, SOAPVersion)
com.sun.xml.ws.message.jaxb.JAXBMessage.createRaw(JAXBContext, Object, SOAPVersion)	For use when creating a Dispatch object with an unknown JAXB implementation for he JAXBContext parameter.
com.sun.xml.ws.message.saaj.SAAJMessage.readPayloadAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.message.source.ProtocolSourceMessage.readPayloadAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.message.stream.StreamMessage.readPayloadAsJAXB(Bridge<T>)
com.sun.xml.ws.model.AbstractSEIModelImpl.getBridge(TypeReference)	use getBond
com.sun.xml.ws.model.AbstractSEIModelImpl.getJAXBContext()
com.sun.xml.ws.model.AbstractSEIModelImpl.getQNameForJM(JavaMethodImpl)	Use JavaMethod.getOperationName().
com.sun.xml.ws.model.CheckedExceptionImpl.getBridge()
com.sun.xml.ws.model.JavaMethodImpl.getCheckedException(TypeReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.model.JavaMethodImpl.getInputParametersCount()	no longer use in the new architecture
com.sun.xml.ws.model.JavaMethodImpl.getOperation()
com.sun.xml.ws.model.ParameterImpl.getBridge()
com.sun.xml.ws.model.ParameterImpl.getTypeReference()	use getTypeInfo
com.sun.xml.ws.model.WrapperParameter.isWrapperStyle()	Why are you calling a method that always return true?
com.sun.xml.ws.org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter.newHandle(int, String, String, String)	this method is superseded by ClassWriter.newHandle(int, String, String, String, boolean).
com.sun.xml.ws.org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor.visitMethodInsn(int, String, String, String)	use MethodVisitor.visitMethodInsn(int, String, String, String, boolean) instead.
com.sun.xml.ws.policy.PolicyAssertion.getNestedAssertionsIterator()	Use getNestedParametersIterator() instead
com.sun.xml.ws.policy.PolicyAssertion.hasNestedAssertions()	Use hasParameters() instead
com.sun.xml.ws.security.opt.impl.message.Header.readAsJAXB(Bridge<T>, BridgeContext)	Use Header.readAsJAXB(Bridge). To be removed after JavaOne.
com.sun.xml.ws.security.opt.impl.message.SecurityHeaderWrapper.readAsJAXB(Bridge<T>, BridgeContext)	Use SecurityHeaderWrapper.readAsJAXB(Bridge). To be removed after JavaOne.
com.sun.xml.ws.spi.db.BindingContextFactory.getBindingContext(Marshaller)	- Does jaxws need this?
com.sun.xml.ws.spi.db.BindingContextFactory.getContext(Marshaller)	- Does jaxws need this?
com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.ServletAdapter.publishWSDL(ServletContext, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)	Use ServletAdapter.handle(ServletContext, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.WSHTTPConnection.getRequestHeaderNames()	This is a potentially expensive operation. Programs that want to access HTTP headers should consider using other methods such as WSHTTPConnection.getRequestHeader(String).
com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.WSHTTPConnection.getRequestHeaders()	This is a potentially expensive operation. Programs that want to access HTTP headers should consider using other methods such as WSHTTPConnection.getRequestHeader(String).
com.sun.xml.ws.util.ByteArrayBuffer.toByteArray()	this method causes a buffer reallocation. Use it only when you have to.
com.sun.xml.ws.util.Pool.TubePool.takeMaster()	Expected to be used in rare cases where access to master tubeline is required and safe, such as Stub.close()."
com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.OperationDispatcher.getWSDLOperationQName(Packet)	use getWSDLOperationMapping(Packet request)
com.sun.xml.ws.wsdl.WSDLOperationFinder.getWSDLOperationQName(Packet)	use getWSDLOperationMapping(Packet request)
com.sun.xml.wss.saml.Assertion.setMajorVersion(BigInteger)	Set the saml major version for SAML1.0 and SAML1.1
com.sun.xml.wss.saml.Assertion.setMinorVersion(BigInteger)	Set the saml minor version for SAML1.0 and SAML1.1
com.sun.xml.wss.saml.Assertion.setVersion(String)	Set the saml version for SAML2.0

Constructors

Constructor	Description
com.sun.xml.stream.buffer.sax.SAXBufferProcessor(XMLStreamBuffer)	Use SAXBufferProcessor(XMLStreamBuffer, boolean)
com.sun.xml.stream.buffer.stax.StreamWriterBufferProcessor(XMLStreamBuffer)	Use StreamWriterBufferProcessor(XMLStreamBuffer, boolean)
com.sun.xml.ws.api.message.HeaderList()
com.sun.xml.ws.api.pipe.ClientTubeAssemblerContext(EndpointAddress, WSDLPort, WSService, WSBinding)	Use ClientTubeAssemblerContext(EndpointAddress, WSDLPort, WSService, WSBindingProvider, WSBinding, Container, Codec, SEIModel, Class)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.dispatch.DataSourceDispatch(QName, Service.Mode, WSServiceDelegate, Tube, BindingImpl, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.dispatch.DispatchImpl(QName, Service.Mode, WSServiceDelegate, Tube, BindingImpl, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.dispatch.JAXBDispatch(QName, JAXBContext, Service.Mode, WSServiceDelegate, Tube, BindingImpl, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.dispatch.MessageDispatch(QName, WSServiceDelegate, Tube, BindingImpl, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.dispatch.PacketDispatch(QName, WSServiceDelegate, Tube, BindingImpl, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.dispatch.SOAPMessageDispatch(QName, Service.Mode, WSServiceDelegate, Tube, BindingImpl, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.sei.SEIStub(WSServiceDelegate, BindingImpl, SOAPSEIModel, Tube, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.client.Stub(WSServiceDelegate, Tube, BindingImpl, WSDLPort, EndpointAddress, WSEndpointReference)
com.sun.xml.ws.org.objectweb.asm.Handle(int, String, String, String)	this constructor has been superseded by Handle(int, String, String, String, boolean).
com.sun.xml.ws.policy.PolicyAssertion(AssertionData, Collection<? extends PolicyAssertion>, AssertionSet)	Non-abstract assertion types should derive from SimpleAssertion or ComplexAssertion instead. Policy class will not provide support for nested policy alternatives in the future. This responsibility is delegated to ComplexAssertion class instead.
com.sun.xml.ws.security.impl.policy.Header(String, String)
com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.HttpAdapter(WSEndpoint, HttpAdapterList<? extends HttpAdapter>)	remove as soon as we can update the test util.
com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.server.EndpointImpl(WSEndpoint, Object)	This is a backdoor method. Don't use it unless you know what you are doing.
com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.ServletAdapterList()
com.sun.xml.ws.util.exception.JAXWSExceptionBase(String, Object...)	Should use the localizable constructor instead.