Converter (common utils 0.3.6 API)

java.lang.Object
- tech.mlsql.common.utils.base.Converter<A,B>

All Implemented Interfaces:

Function<A,B>
```
public abstract class Converter<A,B>
extends Object
implements Function<A,B>
```
A function from A to B with an associated reverse function from B to A; used for converting back and forth between different representations of the same information.
Invertibility

The reverse operation may be a strict inverse (meaning that converter.reverse().convert(converter.convert(a)).equals(a) is always true). However, it is very common (perhaps more common) for round-trip conversion to be lossy. Consider an example round-trip using tech.mlsql.common.utils.primitives.Doubles#stringConverter:
1. stringConverter().convert("1.00") returns the Double value 1.0
2. stringConverter().reverse().convert(1.0) returns the string "1.0" -- not the same string ("1.00") we started with
Note that it should still be the case that the round-tripped and original objects are similar.
Nullability

A converter always converts null to null and non-null references to non-null references. It would not make sense to consider null and a non-null reference to be "different representations of the same information", since one is distinguishable from missing information and the other is not. The convert(A) method handles this null behavior for all converters; implementations of doForward(A) and doBackward(B) are guaranteed to never be passed null, and must never return null.
Common ways to use

Getting a converter:
- Use a provided converter implementation, such as Enums#stringConverter, Ints.stringConverter or the reverse views of these.
- Convert between specific preset values using Maps.asConverter. For example, use this to create a "fake" converter for a unit test. It is unnecessary (and confusing) to mock the Converter type using a mocking framework.
- Otherwise, extend this class and implement its doForward(A) and doBackward(B) methods.
Using a converter:
- Convert one instance in the "forward" direction using converter.convert(a).
- Convert multiple instances "forward" using converter.convertAll(as).
- Convert in the "backward" direction using converter.reverse().convert(b) or converter.reverse().convertAll(bs).
- Use converter or converter.reverse() anywhere a Function is accepted
- Do not call doForward(A) or doBackward(B) directly; these exist only to be overridden.
Since:

16.0

Author:

Mike Ward, Kurt Alfred Kluever, Gregory Kick

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Modifier Constructor and Description

protected Converter()
Constructor for use by subclasses.

Constructors
Modifier	Constructor and Description
`protected`	`Converter()` Constructor for use by subclasses.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Abstract Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`<C> Converter<A,C>`	`andThen(Converter<B,C> secondConverter)` Returns a converter whose `convert` method applies `secondConverter` to the result of this converter.
`B`	`apply(A a)` Deprecated. Provided to satisfy the `Function` interface; use `convert(A)` instead.
`B`	`convert(A a)` Returns a representation of `a` as an instance of type `B`.
`Iterable<B>`	`convertAll(Iterable<? extends A> fromIterable)` Returns an iterable that applies `convert` to each element of `fromIterable`.
`protected abstract A`	`doBackward(B b)` Returns a representation of `b` as an instance of type `A`.
`protected abstract B`	`doForward(A a)` Returns a representation of `a` as an instance of type `B`.
`boolean`	`equals(Object object)` Indicates whether another object is equal to this converter.
`static <T> Converter<T,T>`	`identity()` Returns a serializable converter that always converts or reverses an object to itself.
`Converter<B,A>`	`reverse()` Returns the reversed view of this converter, which converts `this.convert(a)` back to a value roughly equivalent to `a`.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Constructor Detail
  - Converter
```
protected Converter()
```
    Constructor for use by subclasses.
- Method Detail
  - doForward
```
protected abstract B doForward(A a)
```
    Returns a representation of a as an instance of type B. If a cannot be converted, an unchecked exception (such as IllegalArgumentException) should be thrown.
    
    Parameters:
    
    a - the instance to convert; will never be null
    
    Returns:
    
    the converted instance; must not be null
  - doBackward
```
protected abstract A doBackward(B b)
```
    Returns a representation of b as an instance of type A. If b cannot be converted, an unchecked exception (such as IllegalArgumentException) should be thrown.
    
    Parameters:
    
    b - the instance to convert; will never be null
    
    Returns:
    
    the converted instance; must not be null
    
    Throws:
    
    UnsupportedOperationException - if backward conversion is not implemented; this should be very rare. Note that if backward conversion is not only unimplemented but unimplementable (for example, consider a Converter<Chicken, ChickenNugget>), then this is not logically a Converter at all, and should just implement Function.
  - convert
```
@Nullable
public final B convert(@Nullable
                                 A a)
```
    Returns a representation of a as an instance of type B.
    
    Returns:
    
    the converted value; is null if and only if a is null
  - convertAll
```
public Iterable<B> convertAll(Iterable<? extends A> fromIterable)
```
    Returns an iterable that applies convert to each element of fromIterable. The conversion is done lazily.
    The returned iterable's iterator supports remove() if the input iterator does. After a successful remove() call, fromIterable no longer contains the corresponding element.
  - reverse
```
public Converter<B,A> reverse()
```
    Returns the reversed view of this converter, which converts this.convert(a) back to a value roughly equivalent to a.
    The returned converter is serializable if this converter is.
  - andThen
```
public <C> Converter<A,C> andThen(Converter<B,C> secondConverter)
```
    Returns a converter whose convert method applies secondConverter to the result of this converter. Its reverse method applies the converters in reverse order.
    The returned converter is serializable if this converter and secondConverter are.
  - apply
```
@Deprecated
 @Nullable
public final B apply(@Nullable
                                            A a)
```
    Deprecated. Provided to satisfy the Function interface; use convert(A) instead.
    
    Description copied from interface: Function
    Returns the result of applying this function to input. This method is generally expected, but not absolutely required, to have the following properties:
    - Its execution does not cause any observable side effects.
    - The computation is consistent with equals; that is, Objects.equal(a, b) implies that Objects.equal(function.apply(a), function.apply(b)).
    Specified by:
    
    apply in interface Function<A,B>
  - equals
```
public boolean equals(@Nullable
                      Object object)
```
    Indicates whether another object is equal to this converter.
    Most implementations will have no reason to override the behavior of Object.equals(java.lang.Object). However, an implementation may also choose to return true whenever object is a Converter that it considers interchangeable with this one. "Interchangeable" typically means that Objects.equal(this.convert(a), that.convert(a)) is true for all a of type A (and similarly for reverse). Note that a false result from this method does not imply that the converters are known not to be interchangeable.
    
    Specified by:
    
    equals in interface Function<A,B>
    
    Overrides:
    
    equals in class Object
  - identity
```
public static <T> Converter<T,T> identity()
```
    Returns a serializable converter that always converts or reverses an object to itself.

Class Converter<A,B>

Invertibility

Nullability

Common ways to use

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

Converter

Method Detail

doForward

doBackward

convert

convertAll

reverse

andThen

apply

equals

identity